Imaging brain tumors – 4 – Other low grade gliomas

Brain tumors are one of the most common diagnoses addressed in neuroradiology. This covers a wide spectrum of disease, from primary brain tumors like gliomas and glioblastomas to secondary disease like metastases. This lecture covers the spectrum of the most common brain tumors, with an emphasis on primary brain tumors.

This video discusses imaging and genetic features of some less common low grade tumors like pilocytic astrocytoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), ganglioglioma, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA). These tumors are often seen in younger patients, many of whom will present with seizures. Surgery is often curative. There is a lot of imaging overlap for these tumors, especially DNET and ganglioglioma, which can appear very similar. However, the specific diagnosis is less important than knowing that a lesion may be a low grade glioma.

Additional videos in the playlist will address the imaging findings of other types of brain tumors, such as astrocytomas,oligodendrogliomas, and non-glial tumors. Other videos address general topics in brain tumor imaging, how to form a differential diagnosis for a brain tumor, and some challenge cases to apply your skills.

The level of this lecture is appropriate for radiology residents, radiology fellows, and trainees in other specialties who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with brain tumors.

Other videos on the brain tumor playlist are found here.

Imaging brain tumors – 3 – Oligodendrogliomas

Brain tumors are one of the most common diagnoses addressed in neuroradiology. This covers a wide spectrum of disease, from primary brain tumors like gliomas and glioblastomas to secondary disease like metastases. This lecture covers the spectrum of the most common brain tumors, with an emphasis on primary brain tumors.

This video discusses imaging and genetic features of oligodendrogliomas, including low grade oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade 2) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (grade 3). By definition, these tumors have 1p19q codeletion and IDH mutation. Oligodendrogliomas have better survival than astrocytomas. Higher grade tumors are more likely to have more mass effect, more enhancement, and less well-defined margins. However, oligodendrogliomas typically do not degenerate into glioblastomas.

Additional videos in the playlist will address the imaging findings of other types of brain tumors, such as astrocytomas,other low grade glial tumors,and non-glial tumors. Other videos address general topics in brain tumor imaging, how to form a differential diagnosis for a brain tumor, and some challenge cases to apply your skills.

The level of this lecture is appropriate for radiology residents, radiology fellows, and trainees in other specialties who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with brain tumors.

Other videos on the brain tumor playlist are found here.

Imaging brain tumors – 2 – Astrocytomas

Brain tumors are one of the most common diagnoses addressed in neuroradiology. This covers a wide spectrum of disease, from primary brain tumors like gliomas and glioblastomas to secondary disease like metastases. This lecture covers the spectrum of the most common brain tumors, with an emphasis on primary brain tumors.

This video discusses imaging and genetic features of astrocytomas, including low grade astrocytomas (WHO grade 2), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade 3), and glioblastoma (grade 4). By definition, these tumors have intact 1p19q. They can have either IDH mutation or IDH wild type, and IDH mutation is associated with increased survival. Higher grade tumors are more likely to have more mass effect, more enhancement, and less well-defined margins.

Additional videos in the playlist will address the imaging findings of other types of brain tumors, such as oligodendrogliomas, other low grade glial tumors,and non-glial tumors. Other videos address general topics in brain tumor imaging, how to form a differential diagnosis for a brain tumor, and some challenge cases to apply your skills.

The level of this lecture is appropriate for radiology residents, radiology fellows, and trainees in other specialties who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with brain tumors.

Other videos on the brain tumor playlist are found here.

Imaging brain tumors – 1 – Introduction and classification

Brain tumors are one of the most common diagnoses addressed in neuroradiology. This covers a wide spectrum of disease, from primary brain tumors like gliomas and glioblastomas to secondary disease like metastases. This lecture covers the spectrum of the most common brain tumors, with an emphasis on primary brain tumor.

This first video discusses how brain tumors are classified, the genetics of these tumors, and a general approach to brain tumors. Tumors can be divided into a few categories, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, other low grade glial tumors, and common non-glial tumors. Since the WHO reclassification occurred in 2016, genetic information has been used to classify tumors, with the most important mutations being isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), 1p19q codeletion, and MGMT methylation. Oligodendrogliomas must be IDH mutants and 1p19q codeleted, and other tumors are now classified as astrocytomas.

IDH mutation is associated with lower grade astrocytomas and is associated with a survival advantage. Similar, MGMT methylation is associated with a better response to radiation, more pseudoprogression, and better survival.

Additional videos in the playlist will address the imaging findings of brain tumors, such as astrocytomas,oligodendrogliomas, other low grade glial tumors,and non-glial tumors. Other videos address how to form a differential diagnosis for a brain tumor, and some challenge cases to apply your skills.

The level of this lecture is appropriate for radiology residents, radiology fellows, and trainees in other specialties who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with brain tumors.

Other videos on the brain tumor playlist are found here.